Traditionally, Dundee lay inside a county of Angus. From either 1975, a city was the administrative centre of Tayside Region (and wwhen itself administered as one of a districts of that region). Since a abolishment of both-tier local government inside Scotland inside 1996, the City of Dundee (incorporating the town of Broughty Ferry) has been a self-contained Unitary Authority making it Scotland's smallest local government section.

Dundee celebrated its 800th day of remembrance around 1991, and is referred to as a 'City of Discovery' inside honor of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's famous Antarctic exploration vessel [http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/].

In 5 March 2004, Dundee was granted Fairtrade City status.

History
William the Lion granted a town the status of burgh by royal charter in 1191. His brother, David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon is said to have known as a town Donum Dei ('God's gift') upon narrowly escaping dying in a period of his link to from either the Crusades. Nonetheless, this is probably folk etymology, as a title appears to came from either Dun Dèagh meaning Fort on the Tay ("Dun" is a most common prefix inside Scottish placenames, cf Dunfermline and Dunkeld)

Defence & destruction

Dundee suffered periods of occupation & destruction in the late 13th and early 14th Centuries. As a consequence John Balliol's renunciation (1295) of Edward I's authority over Scotland, the English King twice visited Scotland with hostile intent. Edward (a 'Hammer of the Scots') flushed Dundee's royal charter — denying a town's population a right to control local government & the judiciary. He occupied a Castle at Dundee inside 1296, but was with success flushed by William Wallace in 1297. From either 1303 to 1312 the city was occupied again. This period, Edward's removal resulted in the complete destruction of the Castle by Robert the Bruce (who experienced been proclaimed King of Scots at nearby Scone in 1309). Inside 1327, the Bruce granted the town a freshly charter. Late in the 14th Century, during a Hundred Years War, the French invoked the Auld Alliance. Richard II marched North & reduced Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee to ashes.

Dundee became the walled city within 1545 during a period of English hostilities called a 'rough wooing' (Henry VIII's violent attempt to extend his Protestant ambitions North by marrying his immature boy Edward, Duke of Cornwall to Mary, Queen of Scots). Mary maintained an alliance by having a French, world health organization with success captured Protestant rebels (including John Knox) at St Andrews Castle, near Dundee, inside July 1547. That season, even so, buoyed by triumph at a Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the English occupied Edinburgh and went on to kill good deal of Dundee by naval bombardment. A Howff Burial Ground, granted to the population of Dundee around 1546, is the city's lasting gift from Mary.

When you took a period of proportional peace between Scotl& and England, the status of Dundee as a Royal Burgh was again confirmed in The Peachy Charter of Charles I, dated 14 September 1641. Ironically, still, sustaining a eruption of the Scottish Civil War in 1644, Dundee continued to suffer at a paws of nobleman truehearted to the English monarch — the Royalist James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose besieged the town within April 1645. Nor were Dundee's misfortune's above after a hostilities between Scottish Royalists & Covenanters were brought to an prevent. In 1 September 1651 during the English Parliamentarian invasion of Scotland of the Third English Civil War, General Monck (commander of Cromwell's forces in Scotland) captured Dundee. His troops pillaged a town, destroying great deal of it & killing as much as 2,000 of the 12,000 indweller.

John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on Dundee Law within 1689. For this important early contribution to the Jacobite uprising, Graham quickly earned the title Bonnie Dundee.

One little part of a city wall — the Wishart Arch — however stands as a reminder of Dundee's turbulent history.

Reconstruction
Fallowing Union with Engl& ended military hostilities, Dundee was able to redevelop its harbour & establish itself, as an industrial and swing trading centre. A industrial history of Dundee is traditionally summarised in a expression "the three Js".

Jute
When you took a 18th and 19th Centuries, flax was imported for the production of linen. Dundee supported 36 spinning mills by 1835, paving the way for the flourishing industry in the production of jute, a most common fibre. This incubation precipitated the big increase inside people.

1801 - 26,000 1835 - 40,000 1861 - 90,000 1870 - 130,000

Per prevent of a 19th Century the majority of Dundee's working people were occupied inside jute manufacture, however a industry began to decline within 1914, when it became inexpensive to rely in imports from either India. (Ironically, Dundee's 'jute barons' got invested with heavy within Indian mill). Commercial jute production around Dundee come to an prevent in the 1960s. Occasionally manufacturers with success diversified to create synthetic fibres and linoleum for a short period. Numbers of mills were destroyed, however others own been redeveloped for residential apply. An award-winning museum, depending in a old Verdant Works, commemorates the city's manufacturing heritage & operates the little jute-processing facility.

Jam
A 2nd "J" should really exist as an "M": Dundee's hyperlink by having jam stems from either Janet Keiller's 1797 'invention' of marmalade. Mrs. Keiller is said to stand devised the formula sequentially to produce apply of a cargo-machine load of bitingly Seville oranges acquired from the Spanish ship by her 'hubby', James. This account is fiction, however nonetheless marmalade became the famous Dundee exportation when James Keiller (actually Janet's boy) industrialized a production run in a period of the 19th Century. Traditional marmalade production has fallen victim to corporate takeovers, however distinctive whiten jars of Keiller's marmalade potty however exist as bought.

Journalism
Journalism is the only "J" which continues to thrive within Dundee — a publisher DC Thomson & Co. celebrates its centenary in 2005. the business firm publishes a wide spectrum of newspapers, children's comedian & magazines, including The Sunday Post, The Courier and children's favourites, The Beano and The Dandy.

Maritime heritage
As a whaling port, Dundee developed a prosperous nautical industry. Inside 1857 the whaling ship Tay was fitted with steam engines. By 1872 Dundee had turn into a premier whaling port of the British Isles. All over 2,000 ships were built in the city between 1871 and 1881. A previous whaling ship to become built at Dundee was a Terra Nova, in 1884. Shipbuilding come to the prevent altogether around 1961. A Dundee Perth & London Shipping Company (DPLC) ran steamships down the Tay from Perth and on to Hull and London. the business firm however lives, however is basically today a travel professional. RRS Discovery, the ship taken to the Antarctic by Robert Falcon Scott, was built inside Dundee in 1901. It returned to its birthplace in the 1980s and is moored next to a purpose-purpose-made visitant' centre. An older ship, HMS Unicorn, is moored in the docks. It wwhen non actually built at Dundee, however as the oldest wooden British combat ship however afloat these are the prestigious addition to the city by having a rich marine heritage.

The Tay Bridge Disaster
Around 1879 a railway bridge over the Tay was opened. Its completion was commemorated inside 'verse' by William McGonagall. To the lesser degree a year fallowing its construction, yet, a bridge collapsed under a weight of a train good of rider. McGonagall's classic The Tay Bridge Disaster vividly recounts the tragedy. A bridge was replaced within 1887. Unfortunately McGonagall wrote an additional verse form just about a fresh 1.

Winston Churchill

Between 1908 and 1922, the city's MP was none differently Winston Churchill, at that time the member of the Liberal Party. Churchill's blatant noble background & his frequent absence from either Dundee in cabinet business alienated him from his constituents. A endure years of his tenure around Dundee were marked by vitriol from either local newspapers. Prevented from either political campaign in the 1922 general election by appendicitis, his wife Clementine spoke for him instead, but was spat in for wearing pearls. Churchill was ousted by Labour candidate E. D. Morel and the 'Scottish Prohibitionist' Edwin Scrymgeour. Churchill left Dundee — "short of an appendix, seat and party" — gone. Within 1943 he was offered Freedom of the City but refused to accept.

Modern Dundee

Employment
Dundee has never regained its status as a major manufacturing centre. In the 1960s and 70s the arrival in the city of three major corporations — Michelin, NCR (the NCR plant existence nicknamed "The Cash" among Dundonians), & Timex — went some way to alleviating unemployment. Timex closed their Dundee plant within early 90s, reflecting the industrial mood of the instance. the development of a total of 'enterprise zones' & 'technology parks', & particularly the arrival of a total of call centres led to a period of economic optimism. Now, notwithstanding, a employment picture is non practiced (outwith a specialized fields of medicine, science & technology). the city has inside fact had a come by people around recent years.

Universities
Around 1967, the ancient University of Dundee was independently established, following Seventy years as a college of the University of Saint Andrews. These are presently at a forefront of biomedical search & oncology, & incorporates a Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art and Project. A University's Rector is television presenter Lorraine Kelly.

A University of Abertay Dundee is a 'new university'. It was created inside 1994, under government legislation granting the title 'University' to Dundee Institute of Technology (which was itself founded within 1888 and gained independent degree-giving authority in the 1970s). Now, a University of Abertay occurs as globe leader within computer games technology & project and is as well page to the Dundee Business School.

Dundee has the student people of about 15,000.

Immigration & multiculturalism
Dundee's virtually all important inflow occurred in the mid-1800s: Irish workers, driven from either their native united states by potato blight made no little contribution to the city's industrial profits. A city besides attracted immigrants from either Italy and Poland in the 19th & Twentieth Centuries. Yet, Dundee did non own household budget post-war immigration on the same shell when another cities. Its status as the declining industrial centre intended that it was non a major destination for the waves of immigrants world health organization were to develop such an significant impact on the colour & culture of the British Isles in the 1950s and 60s. Withal, a city does okay, have a sizable ethnic minority people. (Incidentally, Dundee continues to attract a particularly big total of Irish students; the reasons for this come undecipherable.)

There are deuce cathedrals in the city — St. Paul's (Scottish Episcopal) and St. Andrew's (Roman Catholic). A historic City Churches — residence to ii separate congregations (Dundee Parish Church (as well referred to as St Mary's) & A Spire Church) — is the virtually all large Church of Scotland building in Dundee. the Church of Scotland has the Presbytery of Dundee presently consisting of 45 congregations, though numerous currently part a minister. Robert Murray M'Cheyne was the minister of St Peter's Church from 1838 until his death in 1843. around the period of his ministry, there was something of the religious revival in Dundee.

The Jewish community has existed in the city for more than the century. A present synagogue was built in the 1970s. Muslims are served by a big, brand recently mosque (opened in 2000). Dundee is too personal to the school for Muslim girls — one of only deuce such schools inside Scotland. the city too has a Hindu temple and Sikh gurdwara.

Theatre & the arts
Dundee is front yard to Scotland's lone good-whale repertory ensemble, established in the 1930s. Hollywood actor Brian Cox, a indigen of the city, is its best known grad. A Rep Theatre, built inside 1982, is also a base for Scottish Dance Theatre. Dundee's main concert auditorium, a Caird Hall (known as for its helper, a jute baron James Caird), regularly plays carrier to the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. The total of little venues likewise hikers local & international musicians in the period of Dundee's annual Jazz, Guitar and Blues Festivals. Dundee Contemporary Arts — hub of the city's ethnic quarter — was opened around 1999.

Football
Dundee has 2 sales person football teams (Dundee F.C. and Dundee United F.C.). Their stadia (Dens Park and Tannadice Park) are nearer together than any more pair within Britain, making the babies the frequent subject of football trifle quizzes.

Pop music
Dundee has a avowedly claim to pop fame, with produced one of the shaping soul-funk elastic of the 1970s — the Average White Band. 1980s pop outfits The Associates and Danny Wilson were also Dundonian. Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue trained at Dundee College of Education and taught briefly at the senior high school in the city. Todays popular festival-headliners & Mercury Music Prize nominees Snow Patrol are Irish but keep around been adopted per city because it were formed at a University of Dundee. the Dundee band Spare Snare were recently voted one of a fifty better Scottish elastic of 100% instance within a recent poll for The Listings magazine.

Twinning
Dundee maintains ethnic, economic & training ties by having sextuplet twin cities: Orleans, France (1946) Alexandria, Virginia, USA (1974) Nablus, Palestine (????) Zadar, Croatia (????) Dubai, United Arab Emirates (????) Würzburg, Germany (1962)

The diocese of Brechin (centred on St. Paul's Cathedral within Dundee) is twinned by having a bishopric of Iowa, USA and with a episcopate of Swaziland.

City of Discovery

Electric street-lighting
Dundee was a 1st city in the globe to develop electrical street lights, using bulbs designed by James Bowman Lindsay.

The postage stamp
James Chalmers is recognised as with invented a modern postage stamp within Dundee. His headstone, in the Howff burying ground, reads: "Originator of the adhesive postage stamp which saved the penny postage scheme of 1840 from collapse rendering it an unquallified (sic) success and which has since been adopted throughout the postal systems of the world."

The ATM
The series of innovations by NCR (including the development of magnetic-strip readers for register) culminated in the production of the foremost ATM, or 'hole in the wall' automatic teller, at its Dundee plant in the late 1960s.

Computing
A foremost Sinclair home computers were produced at the Timex factory in Dundee in the early 1980s. A computer games firm Rockstar North — developer of the extraordinarily successful Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto series — wwhen founded in Dundee as DMA Project. For the little city hundreds to thousands of miles from either Silicon Valley, Dundee's impact on the computing industry has been extraordinary.

Education
High School of Dundee
A High School of Dundee is one of Scotland's leading independent schools, and a just common soldier school inside Dundee. It has its origins in the Grammar School founded per Archimandrite & Monks of Lindores fallowing it were granted the charter by Gilbert, Bishop of Brechin, in the early 1220s to "plant schools wherever they please in the burgh": their rights were confirmed by the Bull conferred upon the two by Pope Gregory IX on 14 February 1239. These are from either this Bull that a School's slogan "Prestante Domino", translated when "Under the Leadership of God", is taken.

Early scholars involved William Wallace, Scottish patriot, & Guardian of Scotland during the Wars of Independence, Hector Boece, historian & foremost Principal of the University of Aberdeen, and James, John and Robert Wedderburn, authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis, one of the first literary works of the Scots Reformation. A School itself was a earliest Reformed school witharound Scotland, getting adopted a recently religion in 1554.

A School has continued its ticket traditions of education & service to this day.